Values of Frederick Douglass and Benjamin Franklin Essay

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

Why does the world exist

All for the duration of our lives we are advised to dream. We realize that fantasies don't really reflect reality, however they fill in as an incredible wellspring of motivation which can now and again permit us to change our real factors. The motivation behind why dreams are so imperative to us is on the grounds that they permit us to encounter circumstances that are past what could happen, all things considered. In any case, how might we be certain that our contemplations and dreams don't straightforwardly impact reality? Or then again that â€Å"reality', as we ordinarily get it, isn't real?The answers to these inquiries are staggeringly mind boggling as they challenge us to magine ideas that should be difficult to fathom by elements possessing our blend of three spatial measurements and one fleeting measurement. The resultant ontological discussion can be commonly assembled into pragmatist and hostile to pragmatist positions. Authenticity is the philosophical way of thinking tha t proposes the presence of a target reality with which we collectively interact.Within authenticity there are alternate points of view that can be contended that manage fluctuating degrees of connection between's our impression of the real world and the genuine target type of the real world. These various parts of authenticity come from various basic convictions egarding the idea of this relationship. Purported â€Å"naive realism† , otherwise called direct authenticity, is the conviction that our faculties precisely recognize mind-autonomous reality along these lines our view of reality correspond legitimately with the type of the target reality.Another type of authenticity known as â€Å"scientific realism† adopts an alternate strategy by expecting that the universe exists in a manner that can be portrayed by science (the capacity to depict an item through science checks its reality) and that logical articles and information exist freely of the brain. On the contrary side of the range we have â€Å"anti-realism† which challenges the presence of a target presence or reality. Ann-pragmatists as for target reality believe that a brain free world doesn't exist and all that we encounter or see is basically a build of our abstract consciousness.Having been naturally introduced to a period where innovation rules lord, one might say that I'm inclined to agreeing with logical authenticity, as the way I Judge a theorys legitimacy is unavoidably connected to logical techniques (likelihood, and so on ). The igitalization of the world has brought about an age that places extraordinary confidence in numbers and causality, where for an answer or clarification to be viewed as right it requires causal proof.Computers have demonstrated that everything can be deconstructed into arithmetic, and as such it is anything but difficult to expect that since something can be characterized by science, that the logical definition is the right definition. For instanc e a living animal can be communicated as a progression of capacities depicting its size, shape and even character, however this doesn't imply that the living animal is essentially a build of numbers. Initially, logical authenticity appears to be hard to discredit. Clarifications are gotten from coherent thinking forms that try to exhibit causality.In the universe of science, everything is limited by widespread principles and laws that are reliable. Sadly, this is likewise where the contention separates for me. Logical authenticity depends on the presumption that science is objective and can precisely speak to genuine reality, anyway the legitimacy logical request as a psyche free develop isn't ensured. Science discloses to us that our inner voice is a result of physical procedures. Expecting that science is orrect, this would require a previous physical build or possibly the hereditary coding for a develop from which we produce our theories.Essentially we would be constrained to mak ing â€Å"discoveries† inside a predefined conspire, which means logical request is a one-sided instrument of estimating reality since the technique for revelation is confined to what our cerebrum is equipped for preparing. Along these lines, speculations that are logically right power us to dismiss the idea of the total legitimacy of science. When contrasted and logical authenticity, guileless authenticity's establishment in the human faculties appears as though a misrepresentation originating from hubris. The basic suspicion of gullible authenticity is that reality exists for humanity.This isn't unequivocally expressed in a portrayal of direct authenticity theory, yet the contention that people see the world precisely as it is nearly suggests that the truth was made for our experience. Its a well known fact that people have constrained capacities through which to see the world. Above all else, we depend on just five significant tangible instruments (seeing, hearing, contact ing, smelling, tasting). Also, of these five components, in contrast with different species, human tactile capacities are very poor.The system we depend on the most is our feeling of sight. In any case, not exclusively are people gone up against with visual issues, for example, macular degeneration or waterfalls, however regardless of whether our eyes were to be totally liberated from imperfection, we would even now be restricted to seeing the world through the recognition of obvious light (a minuscule scope of frequencies in the electromagnetic range). Notice that the previously mentioned constraints manage the instruments of the eyeball itself and do exclude issues that can emerge from blunders mental processing.The more we dive into the impediments of our discernment, the more confidence I award to the possibility of a world that exists ifferently from the manner in which we trust it to, which would need to be characterized through a â€Å"higher†, more target system than our faculties alone. I recognize that my line of thinking in excusing gullible authenticity is imperfect as the fundamental presumption manages the implausibility that the blunder inclined human condition could adequately distinguish an enormous enough bit of genuine reality to be viewed as a feasible explanation.The idea of nothing existing is hard to consider as we have no establishment from which to base a psychological picture. Regularly when attempting to envision nothingness, the ind will in general start with obscurity since darkness (the nonattendance of light) is by and large how we consider void or nothingness. Sadly we by and large run into a similar issue as when attempting to picture the idea of â€Å"infinity' where we can just imagine â€Å"more†, as opposed to supreme â€Å"infinity'.Though our supposition of the shade of nothingness doesn't legitimately suggest that our thinking about the type of nothingness is imperfect, the way that we don't imagine anyth ing as dark gives a false representation of the correlational predisposition from which we are establishing our thoughts. The counter genuine position recommending that lone our cognizance exists is made even more hard to ontemplate because of the failure to picture nothingness as it keeps us from having the option to utilize relative thinking (there is no benchmark to relate to).For this explanation, contentions about the type of non-presence are all the more effectively validated by legitimate methods. In Jim Holt's book Why does the World Exist? , he alludes to the inquiry, â€Å"Why is there Somethin g? Ratner than Nothing? ‘ and afterward portrays the speculations or clarifications for why there may really be Nothing, instead of Something. He makes a broad Showing clarifying the various methods of conceptualizing Nothing, and it s from these clarifications that I thought of my own professional ex nihilo theory.While I despite everything battle that all hypotheses with re spect to beginning are difficult to demonstrate, I recommend that we are in a steady province of Nothingness, yet the type of Nothingness which we experience is Something (reality). For this to be conceivable, our Something would either must be Nothing as of now, or be in a structure that is reducible to Nothing. Like the Infinite Parallel Universes hypothesis, I am attracted to contentions where Something and Nothing exist at the same time, as this wipes out whole fields of discussion with regards to in the case of Something or Nothing started things out.

Mother and Ella Essays

Mother and Ella Essays Mother and Ella Essays Not a Day â€Å"Mommy and daddy, I love you. I don’t figure I can last over a day without you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Stars lit the night sky like shimmering precious stones woven onto a shroud of dark. The sharp cries of ravens broke down out yonder as the northern breeze delicately quieted and afterward pulled back. The unassuming community of Hindenburg was quiet and not a breath got away from the unimposing homes. The fragrance of medication filled a modest hospital’s ward, as a pulse screen gradually varied. â€Å"The eye transplant is finished and her vitals are steady. She might have the option to return home before the week's over if her present conditions don't change,† the attendant consoled as she shrouded youthful Ella in newly washed covers. â€Å"Those eyes, they remind me so much of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  her grandma started. She measured Ella’s little hands into her own, and a warm tear slid down her maturing face. The horrifying demise of Ella’s guardians left her blind and torn. Her family had been on a campaign to Africa’s biggest safari. As an enfant, she adored wildernesses for the astonishments that lied past the choked vines. She cherished how the creatures thought about each other in the wild and how every last one of them passed on in euphoria. At that point there was the second that changed Ella’s life for eternity. It frequented her musings in flashbacks and it was consistently the equivalent. Intense beams of a fog light coming nearer, a frightening snapshot of freefall, and afterward the sharp cry of her mom who fell upon the dormant body of her dad. It went on for one moment, yet it changed her life until the end of time. The youthful girl’s silver dim eyes looking like away from of desolation gradually took cover behind her substantial eye-covers. Underneath the lustrous windows of the ward were little figures of sheep that were deliberately inked. One, two, three, four, five†¦ in a steady progression they showed up. Her marble hands held the parts of the bargains and she hung tight for it to occur. And afterward it did. - She was swinging from branch to branch wearing torn panther skin and wreaths of new wildflowers. Brilliant toucans crossed the skies and vacillated to make a hurricane of extraordinary shades. Underneath, a charge of huge footed rhinos shook the vines that held the land together. Chimpanzees shook looks and invited Ella kindly with their outstretched, furry arms. In sheer rapture, they skirted further into the wild like Tarzan’s youngsters. Ella’s grin widened; she was the place she wanted to be. It was a phenomenal sight. The sodden air was unexpectedly supplanted with a cool fog, and Ella heard a thunder reverberation just miles away. It was colossal and genuine. The overhangs of the trees promptly gave way and crouched together. They were reacting to her dread as though they could detect her anguish. At that point there was a blaze, and everything was dull. Totally dark with not a solitary beam of light

Effects of War on Fuel Market Equilibrium

Impacts of War on Fuel Market Equilibrium Fuel, oil or in certain nations called gas is verifiable as significant wares and assets for some parts on the planet particularly in transportation, giving vitality and businesses. Let investigate fuel deals. The offer of world oil is USD 1,600 billion in the year 2008. Most nations without this characteristic asset should pay so as to get this asset and in the year 2000, Saudi Arabia is accounted for increased about USD 80 billion dollars as fare pay. This shows the interest of this asset is getting high and obviously significant as vitality sources. In view of International Energy Agency (IEA) report on 2009, top three merchants of oil are United States of America, Japan and China. Internationally, fuel showcase requests are expanding each year. As indicated by IEA on December 2010 report, worldwide oil item is amended up from 130, 000 (Kb/d) barrels every day to 87.4 million barrels for each day and it is normal 260 000 barrels for each day to 88 million barrels for each day in 2011. That was a colossal expanding request! What does request implies? Request is resolved as aggregate sum of merchandise required and ready to be bought by shoppers at different value levels in certain period. Other than that, request additionally related with other variable which is amount and cost. In estimating request amount for oil and vehicle showcase, we can anticipate that different factors likewise influencing utilization are remains. These days, oil creations are commanded by Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) which drove by Arab Saudi and the others are five of Middle East makers which produce 75% of worldwide yield. The world oil creation outline is appears in figure 1 (b) according to underneath: As we probably am aware, unrefined petroleum assumes significant job in each part of world monetary from substantial ventures to farming segment. When war episode in a nation particularly one of the principle makers of oil on the planet, at that point the effect will be spread out everywhere throughout the world. Why? Oil costs will causes expanding in costs and straightforwardly contaminating world financial matters as well. For instance, Iraq intrusion in Kuwait in 1990 has diminished the gracefully of oil as Kuwait contributed 2.5% of world oil creation while Iraq contributed 5%. Along these lines, this has cut off oil supplies for about 7.5%. In this manner, we could figure the level of oil creation being cut off from nation A! Be that as it may, this will diminish the total of oil gracefully and upward weight on the value level and by implication causing decrease of all out yield. See what I mean? The effects are interrelated with one another and in this manner influence the world economy. As per the law of interest, it says that when costs expands, request amount diminishes and when cost diminishes, request amount increments. This is appeared in figure 2: In the other hand, we can anticipate the impact on balance amount and costs when there are changes popular or gracefully. Harmony is the term utilized in financial aspects field which implies a condition where all factors have arrived at built up position with no inclination to change. Market harmony will keep up as no market powers which influencing request and gracefully. Request and gracefully are moving to one side or to one side as a reaction to changes in determinant factors. In nation A case, fuel gracefully disturbances occur and in this way causing cost increment and requesting falling lessening. This is because of financial aspects law expresses that all factors all equivalent as the cost of products or administrations increment and the interest will diminish. This is appeared in figure 3(a) according to beneath: As the fuel cost increment from P1 to P2, amount requested for fuel will diminish. This connection are alluded to Law of Demand where when cost builds request amounts will diminishes and when cost diminishes, the interest amount will increments. Consequently, buyers will diminish their interest for vehicles and this will result moving flexibly bend to left. As per gracefully change, when flexibly diminishes and the interest stay unaltered, the balance cost will increment and simultaneously harmony amount will diminish. Lets look what occur while Hurricane Katrina blows US in September 2005. The cost was brought by merchants and up in specific states, for example, Arkansas and Kentucky there are lack of provisions. Deficiency of provisions additionally called overabundance request. Along these lines, when the war broke out in nation An, at that point we can foresee that a similar situation will occur and the circumstance may be most exceedingly awful. This will brings about ascent in the balance cost of fuel. The interest of oil is inelastic as we couldnt supplant or substitute oil as vitality sources. Inelastic of interest here implies that the value change proportion is greater than proportion of amount change. Along these lines, value change will give progressively huge impact. When the fuel or petroleum influenced because of war in nation A, vehicle advertise likewise will impact as they are delegated corresponding merchandise. Corresponding great implies that merchandise which can be devoured together to get fulfillment. Along these lines, the impacts of war on vehicle showcase are talked about according to underneath part. Impacts of war on vehicle advertise balance What is the connection among oil and vehicle? As a matter of fact, we can say that if there is no oil, serious issues will be looked by transportation parts, for example, lorry, tanks, open vehicles, ventures and furthermore our day by day transportation. In the year 2009, Malaysia confronted deficiency of diesel flexibly and what is the impact? There are heaps of vehicles which utilized diesel supplied along these lines. Similar wonders are anticipated to happen when nation An associated with war. In more extensive view, there are around eight a great many vehicles everywhere throughout the world which utilized fuel in the year 2000 and this number is extraordinarily expanded each year! So what are the effects if the fuel cost expanded? Fuel purchasers may decide to drive less, utilizing elective transportation, for example, worker, searching for fuel asset replacement and they may pick electric based motors, for example, half and half vehicle. Consequently, there are cozy connection between fuel cost and vehicle showcase as fuel and vehicle are integral on one another. Incidentally, what will occur if the cost of fuel expanding whiles the cost of vehicle increment also brought about by charge? We could envision that there is parcel of vehicles with different motor force offered with low costs! As the fuel cost is higher should be paid by buyers, the expense of petroleum swallowing vehicle, for example, BMW and Mercedes Benz will expanded. In this manner, the interest of extravagance vehicles will decrease. As another option, purchasers in the market will search for cost sparing vehicles as arrangement. They may change to bring down force vehicles in cubic centimeter (cc, for example, PERODUA vehicles in the market and so forth as arrangement if the war occurs for present moment. This has been demonstrated by an exploration which has been finished by market analyst at Imperial College, London prescribed that shoppers will in general search for increasingly proficient vitality vehicles, choosing and organize open vehicle for trips and limit their movement separations. Thus, there will be loads of extravagance utilized vehicle offered in the market and request bend will move to left as appeared in figure 5. In the other hand, what will occur if the war proceeds for long haul? For this situation, we can expect that creation of new vehicles will be diminished or being stop at all until the circumstance recuperated and consequently, request bend will diminish. This impact towards request bend and gracefully bend is shown in figure 6: Duty burden impacts of the fuel advertise Duty is executed by government who manages in a nation towards merchants for every unit of products being sold. In this manner, we as customer needed to pay greater expense to get those things we required. For instance, we are paying extra 1% which aggregate out 6% of government charge for ASTRO administrations since February 2011. Assessment which forced by government implies increment cost for merchants. Hence, the duty will move the flexibly bend the left as in figure 7. From the figure, the cost followed through on by customers and cost got by venders are appeared as the changed at charge estimation of t. The measure of duty which gathered by government is on zone P1 P2 BC, while sum borne by customer are on P0 P2 BE and the merchant charge is on region P1 P0 EC. In many nations, the usage on charge energizes is expected for transportation part and it is work as one of income source. As the interest of vehicle is versatile, it implies that request is reacting to value change. For this situation, the provider or maker must borne or retain the duty. At the point when request is flexible, the impact of assessment actualized is raising the cost as referenced in figure 8. In any case, balance amount will diminish in this circumstance. At war circumstance, interest for fuel will drop and interest for substitutes will increment. Among replacement decisions right now is utilizing elective electric vehicles and concentrating on open transportation, for example, train. In 2008, Malaysia is positioned at 26th spot as world oil makers with 753,700 billion barrels for every day (Malaysia is likewise one of OPEC member). The number of creation is little whenever contrasted with Arab Saudi which produces 10,250,000 billion barrels for each day. Because of war sway despite the fact that we despite everything have the assets, the fuel must be utilized with most productive route as Malaysia just learned, execute and utilize other vitality option, for example, coal in electric plant. Who will bear the expenses forced on fuel? Expenses comprise of immediate and circuitous duty. At that point where does burden salary goes to? Those earnings which gathered by an administration were utilized for advancement of nation, open works, training, implementation of law, social insurance and so on. Enormous issue emerging on the assessment forced by government is who will bear the expense? As a matter of fact when the interest is inelastic, the maker or merchant can pass most or all of backhanded assessment to shopper by raising the market cost of vehicle. What is mean by flexibility? Versatility is characterized as affectability estimation of a specific vari

Critical Essay Topics on US History

Critical Essay Topics on US HistoryCritical essay topics on US history is one of the main elements that can help a student to understand and learn about US history in his or her own country. A list of essays could be comprised from the likes of studying the post-World War II history and the contemporary stories. This helps the students to have a proper understanding about the essence of US history through the various writings.The focus of these essays are to learn about the subjects that can give insight into the country. There are so many ways through which a student can approach with this paper. It could be a collection of the main topics of study in USA. It could also be an essay using a famous one such as 'The Union's Debt'. Each of these approaches has its own definition.These topics on US history is usually given out for reviewing. This way, the students could gain a better understanding about the history in the country. It could be a sample of the lessons and the ways through which the students could learn the important parts of the USA history.However, it should be understood that these topics on US history are of utmost importance. It is important to understand and learn about the true scope of the US history and the personalities involved in it. One should learn about the entire background of the country as well as the different points where US history can be made comprehensive.A lot of emphasis is given to this topic, as it is one of the most important part of the US history. It has been given out by the University Press for many years. The student who is looking forward to make a full examination is encouraged to explore the historical sources available through the Internet.Since it is always updated, a student could study the topics of US history through the Net. One can gather information from the Internet from the academic websites and through other links to other literature sites.Another important aspect of learning US history through the Net is that one can learn about the multiple phases of history in the country. The older generation and the younger generation can come across different opinions on the subject. These could help a student to understand the events in the country.

Photosynthesis Pigments Plant - Free Essay Example

Lab Four: Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis Part A Table 4.1: Distance Moved by Pigments Band (millimetres) Band Number Distance (mm) Band Colour 1. 15 Yellow 2. 35 Yellow 3. 73 Green 4. 172 Olive Green 5. Distance Solvent Front Moved 180 (mm) Table 4.2: .083334= Rf for Carotene (yellow to yellow orange) .194445= Rf for Xanthophyll (yellow) .405556= Rf for Chlorophyll a (bright green to blue green) .955556= Rf for Chlorophyll b (yellow green to olive green) Analysis Page 47-48 (1-3) What factors are involved in the separation of the pigments? The factors that are involved in the separation of the pigments are the pigments solubility, the formation of the intermolecular bonds, and the size of each individual pigment particle. Since capillary action is the method by which the solvent moves up the strip of paper, the attraction of the molecules to the paper and to each other molecule is essentially determined by those factors. Would you expect the R value of a pigment to be the same if a different solvent were used? Explain. No, because in different solvents, the solubility of the pigments would be different causing the Rf value to be different. In different solvents, the solvent rate would be affected, and since the rate is different, the distance travelled would also be affected, causing the Rf value to also be different. What type of chlorophyll does the reaction centre contain? What are the roles of the other pigments? Chlorophyll a is contained in the reaction centre. Because it is the primary photosynthetic pigments in plants, other chlorophyll a molecules, chloroplast b, and the carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) capture light energy and transfer it to the chlorophyll a at the reaction centre. (College Board, 46) Part B Purpose The purpose of this lab is to measure the effect of various conditions of chloroplast on the rate of photosynthesis or percentage of light transmittance. By using unboiled chloroplast in light, unboiled chloroplast in dark, and boiled chloroplast in light, DPIP was placed into each cuvette and a colorimeter was used to measure the rate of light transmittance. Since DPIP is the electron acceptor, as there is more light present, the DPIP absorbs more elections thus reducing the DPIP. Eventually the reduction causes the DPIP to change colour from a deep blue to a clear or opaque colour. Variables Independent Variable The independent variable in this lab is the different forms/conditions of the chloroplast. These include boiled chloroplast in light, unboiled chloroplast in light, and unboiled chloroplast in dark. Dependent Variable The dependent variable in this lab is the rate/ level of light transmittance over a period of time measured by the colorimeter. From this data we can determine the rate of photosynthesis because as the DPIP becomes excited and reduced by the electrons, the colour changes indicating the rate of photosynthesis. Control Variable The control variables in this lab includes the type of cuvette, size of cuvette, type of buffer used, amount of phosphate buffer used (1mL), and the time intervals (min) used to measure the % or level of transmittance in the colorimeter. Measurement To measure the dependent variable, in this lab, a colorimeter and DPIP was used to determine the level of light transmittance. As the electron acceptor, DPIP was placed in each cuvette. Later after a certain interval of time, each was placed into a colorimeter which determined the level of light transmittance. As electrons were accepted, the DPIP became excited and reduced causing the color in the cuvette to also change, thus affecting the level of light transmittance as measured by the colorimeter. Hypothesis Since photosynthesis is the process by which plants, bacteria, and other autotrophic organisms obtain energy to produce sugars, the right conditions and the right environment are necessary in order to carry out this complex process. Based on prior knowledge and information from this lab, cuvette 3 will have the highest percent of light transmittance and the highest rate of photosynthesis. Since photosynthesis requires light and functional chloroplast to absorb and produce sugars, without either one, the process is interrupted and cannot function properly. Unboiled chloroplast will have a higher percent of light transmittance than boiled chloroplast because of the impact temperature has on the proteins/enzymes of the chloroplast. As high temperatures, like the boiling point, the heat generated will denature the enzymes/proteins thus reducing its effect on photosynthesis. Without functional chloroplast to absorb the energy from the light, the electrons will not be bumped t o a higher energy level and will not be able to reduce DPIP. Of the two cuvettes with unboiled chloroplast, the cuvette place in front of the light will have a higher percent of light transmittance than the cuvette placed in the dark because with light, energy can be absorbed, DPIP can be reduced, ATP can be created, and photosynthesis can be carried out. Similar to functional chloroplast, light is another essential component of photosynthesis, without light photosynthesis cannot occur. Therefore, the cuvette placed in the dark may have functional chloroplast but without light to provide the necessary energy, the reaction will either occur very slowly or not at all. Finally, the cuvette with no chloroplast will not photosynthesize at all, because without chloroplast to absorb the energy from the light, the solution will not carry out photosynthesis. Procedures First, a beaker of water was positioned between the samples and the light source which was to be the heat sink. Next, an ice bath was created to preserve the phosphate buffer and chloroplast by filling an ice bucket with ice. Then, before the cuvettes could be used, they had to be cleaned out with lint free tissue to ensure the light transmittance goes smoothly and uninterrupted. Before anymore is done with each cuvette, both boiled and unboiled chloroplast were obtained in pipettes and place in the ice bath inverted. Next, of the five cuvettes labelled 1 to 5, cuvette 2 had a foil container constructed for the sake of keeping light out of the solution. Each cuvette then received the corresponding amount of phosphate buffer, distilled water, and DPIP. The colorimeter was then set up by starting up the computer program that would read the colorimeter and was linked accordingly. The first cuvette received three drops of unboiled chloroplast, and then shaken up and placed i n the slot of the colorimeter. The first solution would be the first calibration point of reference for the colorimeter at zero percent light transmittance. Following the setting of the first calibration point, the second calibration point was also set. In cuvette 2, three drops of unboiled chloroplast was added and immediately timed with a stopwatch and the light transmittance was recorded. The same cuvette was encased with the foiled created earlier and then placed in the light. Cuvette 3 also received three drops of unboiled chloroplast at which the time and the light transmittance was also recorded. Right afterwards, the cuvette returned to the light. Cuvette 4 received three drops of boiled chloroplast at which the time and the light transmittance was also recorded. Just like cuvette 3, cuvette 4 was returned to the light. Curette 5 the control would receive no chloroplast but still has the time and light transmittance recorded. The light transmittance for each would c ontinue to be recorded at an interval of every five minutes (5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes) following the same procedure until all data had been collected. Conclusion The process of photosynthesis is described as the conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in glucose and other organic compounds. Essential to the development of plants and animals, light from the sun or from an artificial source is necessary for this process to occur and to carry out its benefits. Having performed this lab, the results obtained supports this concept and it also supports my hypothesis. After gathering all the data, cuvette 3 did have the highest percentage of light transmittance and the fastest rate of photosynthesis. Because of the unboiled chloroplast in the cuvette absorbing the light and a light source available to provide energy to reduce the DPIP, the conditions were right for photosynthesis to occur. In cuvette 3, photosynthesis did occur because when the light shined on the unboiled chloroplast, the electrons were excited and moved to a higher energy level. This energy was then used to produce ATP and to reduce DPIP causin g the solution to change colour creating a higher and faster rate of photosynthesis/light transmittance. This cuvette essentially showed that light and chloroplast are needed in order to carry out photosynthesis. Although the graph may show the rate of photosynthesis slowing down, the reason why the curve begins to slow down and level off is not because of photosynthesis but because as the process of photosynthesis occurs, the DPIP will begin to be used up causing the reaction to slow down and level off. Cuvette 2 showed different results in that no photosynthesis occurred because there was no light present for the chloroplast to absorb and to reduce the DPIP. Photosynthesis requires light but without out light, photosynthesis could not occur causing essentially no change in the cuvette. The data table and graph does show that there were some change in the rate of photosynthesis but that occurred because since we had to take the cuvette out of the aluminium sleeve to place in the colorimeter, the DPIP broke down because of the brief exposure to the light. However, overall, the data shows that because there was no light present, photosynthesis could not occur causing no change. Cuvette 4 also showed little increase or change in the percentage of light transmittance because since the cuvette had boiled chloroplast, the high temperatures denatured the proteins/enzymes found in the chloroplast rendering them ineffective. Because the light could not be absorbed by the chloroplast, photosynthesis could not occur or it occurred at a very slow pace. Similar to cuvette 2, the date table and graph also shows that there were change in the percentage of light transmittance in cuvette 4 but because the DPIP was exposed to the light, the DPIP did break down causing a slight change in the rate of light transmittance. Essentially, this cuvette showed that chloroplast in addition to light is required for photosynthesis. Cuvette 5 also showed no change in the percentage of light transmittance because without the presence of chloroplast, the light could not be absorbed to excite the elections and to reduce the DPIP. Without the functions of chloroplast, photosynthesis could not occur because the DPIP would not be reduced and ATP would not be created. Any fluctuations in the data or graph for cuvette 5 could be explained by human or data error. Analysis Page 52-53 (1-8) What is the function of DPIP in this experiment? The function of the DPIP in this experiment is to act as the electron acceptor, replacing the usual NADP found in plants. When the light shines on the active chloroplasts, the electrons are excited, which causes them to jump to a higher energy level thus reducing the DPIP. As the DPIP is reduced, the colour changes from deep blue to colourless, which affects the rate and level of light transmittance when measured by the colorimeter. What molecule found in the chloroplasts does DPIP â€Å"replace† in this experiment? DPIP in this experiment â€Å"replaces† the electron acceptor NADP What is the source of the electrons that will reduce DPIP? When the light shines on the chloroplast, the light provides enough energy to bump the electrons to a higher energy level thus reducing the DPIP. The source of the electrons can also come from the photolysis of water. What was measured with the spectrophotometer in this experiment? The spectrophotometer in this experiment is used to measure the percentage/level of light transmittance through the cuvette based on the amount of photosynthetic activity. What is the effect of darkness on the reduction of DPIP? Explain. Because there is not an absence of light shining on the chloroplast, the DPIP could not be reduced because there was no or not enough energy to excite the electrons and move them to a higher energy level in order to reduce the DPIP. What is the effect of boiling the chloroplasts on the subsequent reduction of DPIP? Explain. Similar to the effects of darkness, by boiling the chloroplast, the proteins were denatured by the high temperatures which caused the process of photosynthesis to be slowed down and inhibited. Because the chloroplast could not absorb light and perform its job, the DPIP could not be reduced which reduced the percentage/level of transmittance. What reasons can you give for the difference in the percentage of transmittance between the live chloroplast that were incubated in the light and those that were leapt in the dark? Because light is essential for photosynthesis, the chloroplast placed in light was able to reduce DPIP and perform photosynthesis. As the chloroplast absorbed the light, the energy absorbed, pushed the electrons to a higher energy level which caused the DPIP to reduce. As the DPIP reduced, the colours changed and the rate of light transmittance was higher. In the dark chloroplast, however, because there is no energy source for the chloroplast to use and since the DPIP could not be reduced due to the lack of light energy, the percentages of light transmittance were lower. Identify the function of each of the cuvettes Cuvette 1: Cuvette 1 was used to measure how the absence of DPIP and chloroplast affected the percentage of light transmittance. This cuvette was also used to calibrate the colorimeter. Cuvette 2: Cuvette 2 was used to measure how the lack of light and unboiled chloroplast affected the percentage of light transmittance. It essentially showed how important light was to the process of photosynthesis. Cuvette 3: Cuvette 3 was used to measure how light and unboiled chloroplast affected the percentage of light transmittance. It essentially showed how light and active chloroplasts are needed to carry out the process of photosynthesis. Cuvette 4: Cuvette 4 was used to measure how light and boiled chloroplast affected the percentage of light transmittance. It essentially showed how the denatured proteins in the chloroplast prevented the light to be absorbed and the process of photosynthesis to be carried out. Cuvette 5: Cuvette 5 is the control of the experiment and is used to show how the availability of light but absence of chloroplast will prevent the process of photosynthesis from being performed and its effect on the percentage of light transmitted.

Violence in the Media is Not to Blame for the Effect on...

The Effect of Violence in the Media on Children Television, movies, and video games are a big part of children’s lives in today’s technologically advanced society. However, there is a big controversy questioning the effects of these media outlets on children. Much of society claims to have proof for the belief that media violence affects children negatively. However, I am skeptical of the evidence that is stated to prove that claim. I feel that society has placed the blame on these mediums for the violent acts, however serious or trivial, that children commit way too easily, before they even begin to examine the parenting of today’s society. Television, movies, and video games are not the primary causes for acts of violence and†¦show more content†¦Many children are spending most of their time in front of a television screen or in front of a video game and who knows how many acts of murders or violent crimes an average kid witnessed even before the age of 12. My question is what does seeing these images actually do to a kid. Many people seem to think that seeing these images will make the child more aggressive and make them more violent. But, that doesn’t mean that the kid will go out and murder someone. Some people think so because they believe that what kid’s see on television will want to make a kid hurt someone else. Often when a kid commits a violent crime, the blame goes to television or movies or video games. I think this happens because they are a source of violence and many people believe that media violence will cause real life violence. They also blame these sources of media because it s eems to be the easiest thing to blame it on. When people are shocked by a crime committed by a kid, such as the one recently committed in Chicago, where the two boys raped and killed a little girl for no apparent reason, they want an excuse for why it happened. When one can’t be found, they are quick to blame it on the violent television shows or the video game with the most blood in it. My belief is that people will single out violence on television, movies, and video games as an explanation for kidsShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Media On Young Children, Teenagers, And Adults1297 Words   |  6 Pagesoutraged by violence in the media. Whether in video games, books, radio, music, or television, there is always someone or something to blame for the violence. Violence is everywhere in the media , there is no disagreeing with that. Whether it be movies, television, video games, or music, there will always be violence, but blaming it on movies, television, video games, or music is not the answer. If blame needs to be placed why are the parent of the children who choose to commit acts of violence not Read MoreViolence in the Media in Richard Rhodes Hollow Claims about Fantasy Violence1289 Words   |  5 Pagesabout Fantasy Violence† expresses that the media’s portrayal of violence has no influence on those that view it. One of the first tactics that Rhodes used was by attacking the flaws of Organizations who blamed entertainment for the issues of violent behaviors. He claims that due to increased social control over the years has caused a decline in violence. Rhodes’ used thought-provoking tactics attempting to disprove that violence is influenced from the media instead he believes that violence is stemmedRead MoreViolence in Television, Movies, and Video Games Should Not Be Censored1653 Words   |  7 PagesVIOLENCE IN TELEVISION, MOVIES, AND VIDEO GAMES SHOULD NOT BE CENSORED Television, movies, and video games have a great influence on the minds of todays youth. 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People watch violent images all the time, and only a very small percent of them actually commit violent crimesRead MoreThe Effect of Violence in the Media on the Minds of Adolescents1539 Words   |  6 Pagesoriginated in the media today, but we don’t turn and blame ourselves, we blame the media they cultured it from. Why? As parents it’s our responsibility to filter what our children are exposed to. The media doesn’t force the violence on the young children, but they are setting standards for what children may think is ordinary behavior or language. (Felson) Violence is found in almost everything anymore, regardless of the movie, show or video games. There is some type of violence involved, and it’sRead MoreMedia Effects On The Media Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagesby the media whether we think we are or not. Theorists believe that too much media exposure can lead to knowledge, attitudes or behavioural changes within a society, this is called ‘media effects’ (Kuehn, â€Å"Media Effects†). These media effects consists of several Paradigms, a Paradigm is described as â€Å"a typical pattern or model† (Kuehn, â€Å"Media Effects†). The Paradigms this essay will consist of are called the ‘New Effects Paradigm’ and the ‘Powerful Effects Paradigm’. The New Effects ParadigmRead MoreVideo Games and Violence Speech884 Words   |  4 PagesB.Z. Smith AP Lang 1 Feb. 2013 Videogames and Violence In today’s society, the vast majority of adolescents spend their free time indoors. Many of those hours are enjoyed playing video games, a habit which teenagers will never hear the end of from their parents. â€Å"These games will ruin you†, they say, â€Å"It makes you angry and violent†, they say, but does it really? Media often portrays videogames as detrimental to mental health, and this topic is especially scrutinized today because of the